ANGLO-SAXON RUNES - ORIGINS AND HISTORY
The Anglo-Saxon runes were also called Anglo-Frisian since Frisii were part of the Germanic migration in Britain from the 5th century onwards. It is not clear where the Anglo-Saxon runes were developed. Some scholars think that they were brought to Britain from Frisia but according to other theories, the futhark was introduced to England from Scandinavia.
The Anglo-Saxon futhorc was based on the Elder Futhark
Ansuz rune ᚨ split into three runes ᚪ āc, ᚫ æsc, and ᚩ ōs and therefore resulting in 26 Anglo-Saxon runes. In the different versions of the Anglo-Saxon futhorc, the runes are from 26 to 33. They were in use since the 5th century until the Norman conquest in 1066.
ANGLO-SAXON RUNES (FUTHORC) - SYMBOLS AND MEANINGS:
- ᚠ Feoh is the rune of wealth, cattle and success.
- ᚢ Ur means ''wild ox''.The rune of tenacity, strength, and vitality.
- ᚦ þorn – Thorn rune means "the god Thor, giant". The rune of brute force and dangerous opposites.
- ᚨ Os means "one of the Æsir (gods)".The rune of divine order.The rune of justice and truth.
- ᚱ The meaning of the rune Rad is to ''ride, journey'' and represents growth.
- ᚳ cēn torch is the rune of knowledge.
- ᚷ The meaning of the rune Gyfu is a ''gift'' and represents generosity.
- ᚹ Wynn rune means ''joy'' and ''bliss''.
- ᚺ ᚻ hægl means hail. The rune of sudden change.
- ᚾ nȳd means need, distress, difficulty.
- ᛁ Is means ''ice''.The rune of stillness and self-control.
- ᛡ/ᛄ gēr (Yara) means ''year of good harvest''.
- ᛇ ēoh means ''Yew tree''.The rune of the eternal tree of life.
- ᛈ peorð expresses hidden secrets. Hidden danger.
- ᛉ Eolh Secg – Elk Sedge is the rune of protection and the higher self. The rune of life.
- ᛊ ᛋ Sigel rune means “Sun” (Sol).The rune of wholeness and success.
- ᛏ The rune Tir means ''victory'' and ''honour''. The rune of the warrior.
- ᛒ beorc rune means "birch tree''. The rune of the Goddess and birth.
- ᛖ Eh means ''horse''.The rune of travel and progress.
- ᛗ Mann means ''man''.The rune of planning, intelligence, and awareness.
- ᛚ Lagu means ''lake'' or ''water''. The rune of life energy, feminine energies.
- ᛝ Ing is the rune of god Yngvi ( Freyr) The rune of earth and agriculture. The rune of male fertility.
- ᛟ Othel – Home. The meaning of the rune is "heritage; inheritance inherited estate". Represents a connection with the forefathers.
- ᛞ Daeg – Day. The rune of awakening.
- ᚪ āc oak-tree of Odin. The rune of strength, sturdiness, and wisdom.
- ᚫ æsc ash-tree. Protection of the soul and healing.
- ᚣ ȳr- bow. Mastery of the bow. The turning point in life.
- ᛠ ēar grave and earth. The rune of the past and end.
- ᛡ īor eel variant of ᛡ/ᛄ gēr (Yara). Duality in life.
- ᛣ calc chalice. Rune of death. Rune of femininity and water.
- ᚸ gar spear. The Odin’s spear is Gungnir. The rune of success in battle and victory.
- ᛢ cweorð. Rune of transformation through flames.
- ᛥ stan stone. Material obstacles and difficulties
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